Presentaciones de la sífilis anorrectal: la gran simuladora / Anorectal syphilis presentations: the great pretender

Antecedentes: La sífilis es una infección sexualmente transmisible sistémica crónica que afecta a docenas de millones de personas al año. A nivel anorrectal, su manifestación polimórfica obliga al diagnóstico diferencial con enfermedades anorrectales benignas y malignas. Objetivo: Describir las diferentes presentaciones de la sífilis anorrectal a propósito de 5 casos clínicos. Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes fueron VIH positivos en edad sexual activa. Las manifestaciones registradas, al igual que las reportadas en la bibliografía fueron las fisuras, úlceras perianales y pseudotumores. Conclusiones: La sífilis es considerada "la gran simuladora". En la localización anorrectal se requiere una alta sospecha diagnóstica para diferenciarla de presentaciones similares de otras enfermedades anales benignas, la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y el cáncer anorrectal, con el fin de evitar el consiguiente riesgo de sobretratamiento. (AU)

Background: Syphilis is a chronic systemic sexually transmitted infection that affects tens of millions of people annually. At the anorectal level, its polymorphic manifestation requires differential diagnosis with benign and malignant anorectal diseases. Objective: To review the presentation of anorectal syphilis from 5 clinical cases. Methods: Observational, retrospective, descriptive study. Results: Most of the patients were HIV positive in sexually active age. The manifestations recorded and reported in the literature were fissures, perianal ulcers, and pseudotumors. Conclusions: Syphilis is considered "the great pretender". In anorectal syphilis, a high diagnostic suspicion is needed to differentiate it from similar presentations due to other anal conditions, inflammatory bowel disease, and anorectal cancer, to avoid the consequent risk of overtreatment. (AU)

Anorectal diseases in patients with Antiphospholipid syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Hemorrhoid disease (HD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints worldwide, affecting 4.4% of the general population in the United States. Since antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) may lead to intra-abdominal thrombosis, one may expect that this condition can impact the risk for HD development. Additionally, as APS patients are more prone to thrombosis and treatment with anticoagulants may increase risk of bleeding, one may also infer that rates of HD complications may be higher in this scenario. Nevertheless, no data in these regards have been published until now. The objective of the present study is to evaluate frequency of HD and describe its complications rates in antiphospholipid syndrome APS patients. Methods: We consecutively invited patients who fulfilled APS criteria to undergo proctological examination. After examination, patients were divided in two groups, based on the presence of HD, and compared regarding different clinical manifestations and antiphospholipid profile. We performed the analysis of the data, using chi-square and Mann Whitney U when applicable and considering a significance level of 0.05. Multivariate regression analysis included age and variables with p < 0.10 in the bivariate analysis. Results: Forty-one APS patients agreed to undergo proctological examination. All were female and overall median age was 43 (36-49). Seventeen (41.4%) patients were diagnosed with HD, with the following frequency distribution: 7 internal (41.2%), 4 external (23.5%) and 5 mixed hemorrhoids (29.4%). Of the internal hemorrhoids, 5 patients were classified as grade I (71.4%), 1 grade II (14.3%), and 1 grade IV (14.3%). Prior gestation ( p = 0.067) and constipation ( p = 0.067) correlated with a higher frequency of HD. In multivariate analysis, constipation remained as an important risk factor (OR 3.92,CI95% 1.03-14.2, p = 0.037). Five out of 17 patients (29.4%) reported anal bleeding, but it did not correlate with warfarin dose ( p = 0.949). Surgical treatment was indicated for 10 patients (58.8%). Other anorectal findings were anal fissure, plicoma, condyloma and one chlamydial retitis. Conclusion: We found an unexpected high frequency of hemorrhoids in APS patients, with a great proportion requiring surgical treatment.(AU)

Características manométricas en niños con estreñimiento crónico y patología anorrectal adquirida / Manometric characteristics in children with chronic constipation and acquired anorectal pathology

Objetivos: Describir los resultados de las manometrías anorrectales (MAR) en pacientes pediátricos con estreñimiento crónico y patología anorrectal adquirida. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron los expedientes de pacientes pediátricos referidos entre 2004 y 2016 al Laboratorio de Motilidad Gastrointestinal del Hospital San José Tec de Monterrey para evaluación por manometría anorrectal y que presentaron patología anorrectal adquirida. Resultados: Se revisaron 170 expedientes. Edad 7,18 ± 4,51 años. La prevalencia de patología anorrectal (PA) fue de 73%. Síntomas con mayor incidencia: dificultad para evacuar (78%), dolor al evacuar (67%), heces duras (50%) e incontinencia fecal asociado (49%). El 44% de los pacientes con esfínter anal externo (EAE) hipotónico presentaron incontinencia y 74% estos últimos, presentaron menor volumen máximo tolerable (VMT). Los valores manométricos con mayor significancia: presión en reposo del EAE (promedio ± DE) 14,16 ± 10,19 en PA y de 26,08 ± 13,65 en SPA; presión en contracción del EAE 48,4 ± 34,1 en PA y 68,3 ± 37,7 en SPA; VMT 120,8 ± 60,4 en PA y de 173,2 ± 78,0 en SPA. El 97,97% de los pacientes en los que se evaluó la coordinación abdomino-pélvica tuvieron disinergia del piso pélvico. Conclusiones: A diferencia de la población adulta, los valores manométricos de niños con patología anorrectal se encontraron dentro de rangos normales excepto por el EAE y el VMT los cuales estuvieron disminuidos. Esto puede sugerir un mecanismo diferente en la población pediátrica. La disinergia del piso pélvico podría explicar el estreñimiento crónico en estos pacientes.

Objective: To describe the anorectal manometry results in the pediatric population with chronic constipation and acquired anorectal disease. Materials and methods: We reviewed the records of children who were referred to the Motility and Pelvic Floor Laboratory of the Hospital San Jose Tecnologico de Monterrey between 2004-2016 for further evaluation with anorectal manometry and who presented acquired anorectal disease. Results: We reviewed 170 records. The mean age was 7.18 ± 4.51 years old. The prevalence of anorectal disease was 73%. The symptoms more frequently presented were difficult evacuation (78%), painful defecation (67%), large and hard stool (50%) and fecal soiling (49%). 44% of patients with hypotonic external anal sphincter (EAS) presented with soiling and 74% of those had diminished critical volume. Significant manometric values (p<0.05) were EAS resting pressure, maximal squeeze pressure, and critical volume. 97.7% of those who underwent abdomino pelvic coordination evaluation had pelvic floor dyssynergia (anismus). Conclusions: Contrary to adult population, the manometric values in children with acquire anorectal pathology were within normal values except for the EAS resting pressure and critical volume that were diminished. This could suggest a different mechanism in the pediatric population. Pelvic floor dyssynergia could explain chronic constipation in these patients.

Anorectal hemangioma - differential diagnosis of anal bleeding / Hemangioma anorretal - diagnóstico diferencial de sangramento anal

ABSTRACT Anorectal hemangioma is one of the rarest causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, but is often neglected and confused in the differential diagnosis. The clinical examination is a turning point for a correct diagnosis and management of patients, thus avoiding unnecessary procedures. The treatment of choice for this condition is surgical and intraoperative bleeding is the main complication of this therapy. The present case reports a 25-year old patient with a history of bleeding from the age of 13, being diagnosed with anorectal hemangioma, and surgically treated with resection of the affected segment and with wound synthesis by marsupialization, with a good progression postoperatively.

RESUMO O Hemangioma Anorretal é uma das mais raras causas de Hemorragia digestiva baixa, sendo muitas vezes negligenciada e confundida no diagnóstico diferencial. O exame clínico representa um ponto decisivo para correto diagnóstico e manejo do paciente, evitando realização de exames desnecessários, e o tratamento de escolha dessa patologia é cirúrgico, sendo o sangramento intraoperatorio a principal complicação dessa terapêutica. O relato de caso a seguir reporta a história de paciente com 25 anos, que apresentava sangramento desde os 13, sendo diagnosticado com Hemangioma Anorretal e tratado cirurgicamente com ressecção do segmento afetado e síntese de ferida com marsupialização, evoluindo bem no pós-operatório.

Factores asociados a mal pronóstico en pacientes con sangrado digestivo bajo en un hospital público / Poor outcome factors associated to patients with lower digestive bleeding in a public hospital

Introducción: El sangrado digestivo bajo (SDB) es una entidad cuyas tasas de complicaciones y mortalidad se han incrementado en las últimas décadas. Si bien se han identificado algunos factores relacionados a mal pronóstico, aún quedan variables por evaluar. Objetivo: Identificar factores de mal pronóstico en pacientes que presentaron SDB en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de tipo cohorte retrospectivo. Se realizó un censo de todos los pacientes que presentaron SDB agudo entre enero 2010 y diciembre 2013. Las variables principales a evaluar fueron frecuencia cardiaca ≥100/min, presión arterial sistólica <100 mmHg y hematocrito bajo (≤35%) al ingreso. Se definió mal pronóstico como cualquiera de los siguientes criterios: muerte durante la hospitalización, sangrado que requiera transfusión de ≥4 unidades de sangre, reingreso dentro del primer mes, o necesidad de cirugía de hemostasia. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 341 pacientes con SDB, de los cuales el 27% tuvo mal pronóstico y 2% fallecieron. Se encontró como variables asociadas a mal pronóstico: frecuencia cardiaca ≥100/min al ingreso (RR: 1,75, IC 95% 1,23-2,50), presión arterial sistólica <100 mmHg al ingreso (RR: 2,18, IC 95% 1,49-3,19), hematocrito ≤35% al ingreso (RR: 1,98, IC 95% 1,23-3,18) y sangrado de origen no determinado (RR: 2,74, IC 95% 1,73-4,36). Conclusiones: Frecuencia cardiaca elevada al ingreso, hipotensión sistólica al ingreso, hematocrito bajo al ingreso y presentar un sangrado en el cual no se encuentra el punto de origen son factores que incrementan el riesgo de presentar mal pronóstico, por lo que se recomienda un monitoreo más estricto en estos pacientes

Background: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is an event that has shown an increase in complications and mortality rates in the last decades. Although some factors associated with poor outcome have been identified, there are several yet to be evaluated. Objective: To identify risk factors for poor outcome in patients with LGIB in the Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins of Lima, Peru. Material and methods: A prospective analytic observational cohort study was made, and a census was conducted with all patients with acute LGIB between January 2010 and December 2013. The main variables were heart rate ≥100/min, systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg and low hematocrit (≤35%) at admission. Poor outcome was defined as any of the following: death during hospital stay, bleeding requiring transfusion of ≥4 blood packs, readmission within one month of hospital discharge, or the need for hemostatic surgery. Results: A total of 341 patients with LGIB were included, of which 27% developed poor outcome and 2% died. Variables found to be statistically related to poor outcome were: heart rate ≥ 100/min at admission (RR: 1.75, IC 95% 1.23-2.50), systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg at admission (RR: 2.18, IC 95% 1.49-3.19), hematocrit ≤35% at admission (RR: 1.98, IC 95% 1.23-3.18) and LGIB of unknown origin (RR: 2.74, IC 95% 1.73-4.36). Conclusions: Elevated heart rate at admission, systolic hypotension at admission, low hematocrit at admission and having a LGIB of unknown origin are factors that increase the risk of developing poor outcome, and these patients should be monitored closely due to their higher risk of complications

Histoplasmosis del colon y recto en un paciente de Perú / Colon and rectum histoplasmosis in a patient from Peru

Se reportó un caso de varón de 52 años con historia de 3 meses caracterizada por pujo, tenesmo, hematoquezia, dolor al defecar, disminución de 18 kg de peso, fiebre, secreción fecaloidea y purulenta a través de orificio perianal. A la colonoscopía se evidencian múltiples úlceras en colon ascendente, transverso y descendente. También en recto se aprecia lesión elevada de aproximadamente 5 cm. Las biopsias de dichas lesiones fueron coloreadas con hematoxilina-eosina y tinción de Gomori-Grocott demostrando múltiples macrógafos conteniendo microorganismos compatibles con histoplasmosis. Las pruebas para ELISA VIH, HTLV I-II fueron negativas. La histoplasmosis del colon y recto en paciente inmunocompetente es extremadamente rara, habiéndose reportado pocos casos.

We report a case of a male patient of 52 years old with a 3 months history of pushing, tenesmus, hematochezia, pain while defecating, lost of 18 kg of weight, fever, fecaloid and purulent discharge through an perianal hole. During the colonoscopy procedure, we found many ulcers in the ascending, transverse and descending colon.We also found an elevated lesion of about 5 cm in the rectum. We used hematoxylin - eosin and Gomori-Grocott stain in the biopsies and identified many microorganisms inside macrophages which were compatible with histoplasmosis. ELISA tests for HIV, HTLV I- II were negative. Colon and rectal histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient is extremely rare. There are few cases of colonic histoplasmosis reported.

Self-administered Enema Related Rectal Perforation / 대한소화기학회지

No abstract available.

Rectus sheath hematoma – An uncommon complication following caesarean delivery.

Rectus sheath hematoma is a well documented clinical entity, though uncommon and often clinically misdiagnosed cause of acute abdomen. The non-specific nature of presentation combined with a lower incidence of the disorder leads to difficulty in diagnosing. Our patient presented with rectus sheath hematoma, following caesarean section on 9th post-operative day. She presented with wound discharge and lower abdominal pain. The case report is presented to increase the awareness in considering this entity in the differential diagnosis and management of acute lower abdominal pain. Rectus sheath hematoma’s early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may help to prevent complications.

Diseccón ganglionar en el cáncer rectal: análisis comparativo de tres técnicas de aislamientos de ganglios linfáticos del mesorrecto en relación a la supervicencia y recidiva local en los pacientes / Node dissection in rectal cancer: a comparative analysis of three isolates techniques mesorectal lymph nodes in relation to the supervicencia and local recurrence in patients

En la República Argentina los datos publicados son los del Proyecto Globacan 2010. En los varones la incidencia nacional de CCR ocupa el 3º lugar luego del cáncer de pulmón y de próstata. En las mujeres el 3º lugar después de cáncer de mama y de cuello uterino. Objetivo: analizar los resultados obtenidos mediante tres técnicas de aislameitno de ganglios linfáticos del mesorrecto en piezas quirúrgicas por adenocarcinoma de recto operado con intención curativa, y su influencia en la supervivencia y recidiva local. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo. Se estudiaron mesorrecto de pacientes operados con intención curativa por adenocarcinoma rectal, en el servicio de cirugía general, sección de colonoproctología del Nuevo Hosptial San Roque de la Ciudad de Córdoba, periodo 1º de enero del año 2000 al 31 de diciembre 2005. Criterios de inclusión: portadores de tumores malignos de recto resecable, intervinidos quirúrgicamente con intención curativa. Criterio de exclusión: enfermedad localmente avanzada; metástasis hepáticas, sistémicas y carcinomatosis peritoneal demostradas en el pre-quírúrgico; cirugía previas por tumores malignos. Muestra 108, asignación randomizada en 3 grupos: G1 (n:36): disección ganglionar convencional. El G2 (n:37) disección ganglionar con lupa de 3X. G3 (n;35) disección ganglionar con desengrase y lupa de 3X. Identificación de los ganglios linfáticos en las tres estaciones linfáticas peritumorales, de la división de la arteria hemorroidaria superior y del nacimiento dela arteria mesentérica inferior en la aorta...

In the Argentina publisched data are the Globocan 2010 project. In males the national incidence of CRC occupies the 3rd. place after the lung and prostate cancer. In women the 3rd. place after the breast and cervical cancer. Objetive: to analyze the results obtanined using three techniques of isolation of lymph nodes from the mesorectalin surgical by adenocarcinoma of rectum operated with curative intent, and its influence on survival and local recurrence. Material and methods: descriptive, prospective study. Mesorrectos of patients with curative intent for rectal adenocarcinoma. in the service of general surgery, colonoproctology section, of the new Hospital San Roque in the city of Córdoba, period january 1,2000 to december 31, 2005 were studied. Inclusion criteria: resectable malignant tumors of rectum carriers intervened surgically whit curative intent. Exclusion cirteria: locally advanced disease; liver, systemic metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis demostrated in the presurgical; previous surgery for malignant tumors. Sa ple 108, randomized assignment in 3 groups: G1 (n:36): conventional lymph node dissection. The G2 (n:37) lymph node dissection with 3X Magnifer. G3 (n:35) lymph node dissection with degreasing and 3X Magnifer. Identification of lymph nodes in three lymphatic stations: peritumorales, division of superior hemorroidaria artery and the birth of the bottom in the aorta...

Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome in Children: A Report of Six Cases

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a rare, benign disorder in children that usually presents with rectal bleeding, constipation, mucous discharge, prolonged straining, tenesmus, lower abdominal pain, and localized pain in the perineal area. The underlying etiology is not well understood, but it is secondary to ischemic changes and trauma in the rectum associated with paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor and the external anal sphincter muscles; rectal prolapse has also been implicated in the pathogenesis. This syndrome is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and endoscopic and histological findings, but SRUS often goes unrecognized or is easily confused with other diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, amoebiasis, malignancy, and other causes of rectal bleeding such as a juvenile polyps. SRUS should be suspected in patients experiencing rectal discharge of blood and mucus in addition to previous disorders of evacuation. We herein report six pediatric cases with SRUS.

Endometriosis extrapélvica semejando cáncer colorrectal estenosante: Reporte de dos casos / Colorectal cancer endometriosis resembling stenosing extrapelvic: Report of two cases

Presentamos a dos mujeres -de 40 y 42 años- con endometriosis colorrectal, ambas con antecedente de endometriosis pélvica y episodios de rectorragia simultáneos con la menstruación. En las evaluaciones endoscópicas detectamos una tumoración sigmoidea y una tumoración rectosigmoidea respectivamente, que aparentaron corresponder a cáncer colorrectal estenosante de origen epitelial.

We present two women of 40 and 42 years with colorectal endometriosis, both with a history of pelvic endometriosis and simultaneous episodes of rectal bleeding with menstruation. In endoscopic evaluations detected a sigmoid tumor and rectosigmoid tumor respectively, which apparently corresponds to stenosing colorectal cancer of epithelial origin.

Colostomía previa a escisión quirúrgica de un tumor de Buschke-Lõwenteim en la infancia / Temporary colostomy before surgery in Buschke-Lõwenteim tumour in children

Buschke-Lõwentein tumor is a verrucous lesion, with slow growth and locally infiltrating. Despite her benign histology, is an intermediate lesion between condiloma acuminatum and verrucous carcinoma. It has been linked to human papilloma virus (subtypes 6 and 11). Other factors implicated include poor hygiene, chronic irritation, promiscuity and cellular inmunocompromised states. It is exceptional in children. We report a case of a 6-year-old girl with HIV infection B3 and giant condyloma that affect genitoanal region and rectal mucosa. The temporary colostomy aimed good results of the surgical excision.

El tumor de Buschke-Lõwentein es una lesión verrucosa, con crecimiento lento, y localmente infiltrante. A pesar de su histología benigna, se trata de una lesión intermedia entre el condiloma acuminado y el carcinoma verrucoso. Su aparición está ligada con el virus del papiloma humano (subtipos 6 y 11). Otros factores que intervienen son la baja higiene, promiscuidad, irritación crónica y la inmunosupresión celular. Es excepcional su aparición en niños. La exéresis quirúrgica radical es el tratamiento de elección. La realización de una colostomía de descarga previa, permite el aislamiento, facilitando la cicatrización de la zona y evitando el contacto con material fecal que contribuye a la recidiva. Presentamos un caso de una niña de 6 años con VIH estadio B3 y condilomatosis gigante que afectaba a la región genitoanal y a la mucosa rectal adyacente. La colostomía temporal contribuyó al éxito tras la resección quirúrgica.

Urgencias proctológicas / Proctology emergencies

Las urgencias proctológicas son una causa frecuente de consulta en Servicios de Urgencia. Para los pacientes este tipo de problemas implican, además de los propios síntomas, en muchos casos pudor o vergüenza, lo cual puede redundar en una consulta tardía en relación al inicio del cuadro clínico. Para el médico de urgencia es un desafío poder determinar de forma clara el diagnóstico y el tratamiento adecuado, así como la necesidad de hospitalizar o indicar la consulta por un especialista. Es por esto que se hace necesario el poseer los conocimientos básicos para el diagnóstico y el manejo inicial de las patologías más frecuentes tales como el dolor anal, sangrado vía anal o aumento de volumen en la zona perianal. El objetivo de esta revisión es entregar las bases para un adecuado diagnóstico y manejo de las patologías proctológicas que más frecuentemente requieren una atención de urgencia.

Proctologic emergencies are a frequent cause of consultation in the emergency room. For these patients, such problems involve not only a physical discomfort or pain, but also shame in many cases, which can result in a late consultation in relation of the onset of symptoms. These problems are a chellenge, in order to perform an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Like wise it is necessary to determine the need for hospitalization or evaluation by a specialist. This is why it is necessary to have the basic knowledge and skills for diagnosis and initial management of most common diseases such as anal pain, rectal bleeding or increased volume in the perianal area. The aim of this review is to provide the basis for a proper diagnosis and management of proctologic pathologies most frequently evaluated in an emergency room.

Úlcera solitaria de recto / Solitary rectal ulcer

Introducción: La úlcera solitaria de recto es una entidad patológica crónica, benigna e infrecuente, que en general no se la considera entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de las patologías crónicas del recto. A menudo es subdiagnosticada. Las principales manifestaciones clinicas son: proctorragia, mucorrea, esfuerzo defecatorio y tenesmo. Objetivo: Evaluar las características clinicas de una patología infrecuente del recto, a partir de 3 casos clínicos. Lugar de aplicación: Institución privada. Pacientes y método: Se presentan 3 pacientes con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de úlcera solitaria de recto, entre 2003-2010, dos hombres y una mujer, con un promedio de edad de 53 años (rango 41-70 años). Resultados: La presentación clínica fue proctorragia, mucorrea, tenesmo, proctalgía y esfuerzo defecatorio. En los 3 pacientes la úlcera fue solitaria, dos en pared posterior y una en pared anterior del recto. El diagnostico se realizó por medio de la endoscopía, y biopsia de la lesión. Los 3 casos respondieron favorablemente al tratamiento médico. Conclusiones: La etiología es desconocida. Se la relaciona con trastornos de la defecación. La lesión no siempre es ulcerada ni solitaria. El diagnóstico se realiza por medio de colonoscopía y biopsia, debido a que presenta histología patognomónica. El tratamiento puede ser conservador o quirúrgico.

Introduction: Solitary rectal ulcer is a chronic, benign and infrequent entity, generally not considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic diseases of the rectum. It is often under­diagnosed. The main clinical manifestations include bloody stool, mucorrhea, straining and tenesmus. Objective: To asses the current behavior of a rare disease of the rectum, from 3 clinical cases. Point of application: Private institution. Patients and method: Three patients are presented with pathological diagnosis of solitary rectal ulcer, between 2003 - ­2010, two men and a woman, with an average age of 53 years (range 41-70 years). Results: The clinical presentation was bloody stool, mucorrhea. tenesmus, anal pain and straining. In all cases the ulcer was solitary; two in posterior wall and one in anterior wall of the rectum. The diagnosis was made by endoscopy and biopsy of the lesion. The 3 cases responded well to medical treatment. Conclusions: The etiology is unknown. It is related to defecation disorders. The lesion is not always ulcerated of solitary. Diagnosis is made by colonoscopy and biopsy, because it shows pathognomonic histology. Treatment can be conservative or surgical.

Examen proctológico y tacto rectal en el diagnóstico clínico de síntomas anorrectales / Proctological examination and rectal exam in the clinical diagnosis of anorectal symtoms

Objetivo: evaluar la información proporcionada por el examen proctológico y en particular eltacto rectal en pacientes con síntomas anorrectales. Material y método: se incluyeron los pacientes remitidos a una policlínica de proctología desde enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2008. Se registraron datos demográficos, principalsíntoma de consulta y diagnóstico clínico. Se evaluó el rendimiento diagnóstico del examen anoperineal (EAP), tacto rectal (TR) y anoscopía (AS) frente a cada patología. Lainformación aportada por las diferentes maniobras se clasificó en tres categorías: 1) aportó información suficiente para establecer el diagnóstico clínico primario; 2) aportó informaciónpara el diagnóstico, pero no oncluyente, y 0) no aportó información para el diagnóstico. Resultados: se incluyeron 606 pacientes (319 mujeres, 52%), edad media 47 años, (rango 14 a93 años). El síntoma más frecuente fue dolor anal (33%), seguido de sangrado rectal (19%) y procidencia (18%). Se realizó un diagnóstico clínico primario en 94% de los pacientes; el EAP y la AS aportaron información suficiente para el diagnóstico en 54% y 51%,respectivamente, mientras que el TR lo aportó en 10% de los casos. Conclusión: el estudio mostró que un examen proctológico completo permite establecer un diagnóstico clínico primario en la mayoría de los pacientes que consultan por síntomasanorrectales. Más de la mitad de las condiciones patológicas pueden ser puestas en evidencia mediante una correcta inspección y palpación anoperineal. El tacto rectal fue la maniobra de menor rendimiento diagnóstico, permitiendo establecer el diagnóstico clínico primario en10% de las consultas.

Objective: to evaluate the information provided by the proctological examination, and in particular, the rectal exam in patients with anorectal symptoms. Method: patients referred to a proctology polyclinic from January 2005 through December 2008 were included in the study. We recorded demographic data, main symptomfor consultation and clinical diagnosis. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of perianal examination, rectal examination and anoscopy for each pathology. The informationobtained through the different maneuvers was classified into three categories: 1) it provided enough information to establish the primary clinical diagnosis; 2) it provided diagnostic information, although not conclusive; and 0) it failed to provide diagnostic information. Results: 606 patients were included (319 women, 52%), average age was 47 years old, (range 14 to 93 years old). The most frequent symptom was anal pain (33%), followed by rectal bleeding (19%) and procidentia (18%). We performed a primary clinical diagnosis in 94% of patients; perianal examination and anoscopy provided enough information for diagnosis in 54% and 51% of cases respectively, whereas the rectal examination did so in 10% ofcases. Conclusion: the study showed that a complete proctologicalexamination enables a primary clinical diagnosis in most patients who consulted for anorectal symptoms.Over half of the pathological conditions may be evidenced by means of a correct examination and perianal palpation.Rectal exam was the maneuver that obtained the least diagnosticperformance, only allowing for a primary clinical diagnosis in 10% of the consultations.

Objetivo: avaliar a informação proporcionada pelo exame proctológico e em particular o toque retal em pacientes com sintomas anorretais.Material e método: foram incluídos os pacientes referidos a uma clínica de proctologia no período janeiro de2005 a dezembro de 2008. Foram registrados: dados demográficos,sintoma principal da consulta e diagnóstico clínico. Fez-se uma avaliação do rendimento diagnóstico doexame ano-perineal (EAP), toque retal (TR) e anoscopia (AS) em relação a cada patologia. A informação aportadapelas diferentes manobras foi classificada em três categorias: 1) gerou informação suficiente para estabelecer o diagnóstico clínico primário; 2) gerou informação para odiagnóstico, porém não conclusiva, e 0) não gerou informação para o diagnóstico.Resultados: foram incluídos 606 pacientes (319 mulheres, 52%), idade média 47 anos, (intervalo 14 a 93 anos). O sintoma mais freqüente foi dor anal (33%), seguido de sangramento retal (19%) e procidência (18%).Realizou-se um diagnóstico clínico primário em 94% dos pacientes; o EAP e a AS geraram informação suficientepara o diagnóstico em 54% e 51%, respectivamente, enquanto o TR somente em 10% dos casos. Conclusão: o estudo mostrou que um exame proctológico completo permite estabelecer um diagnóstico clínicoprimário na maioria dos pacientes que consultam por sintomas anorretais. Mais da metade das condições patológicaspodem ser mostradas por uma inspeção e palpação ano-perineal corretas. O toque retal foi a manobra queapresentou o menor rendimento diagnóstico, permitindo estabelecer el diagnóstico clínico primário em 10% dasconsultas.

Defecografía por resonancia magnética / Magnetic resonance defecography

The term disorders of the anorectal function encompasses a group of diseases commonly present in gastroenterological consultation; conditions that have a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Imaging studies, mainly defecography, are essential for the diagnosis of these diseases. Taking into account that there is overlap of several of them in the same patient, some may be underdiagnosed when relying solely on anamnesis and physical examination. Given the multiplanar capability of MRI, visualization ofperirectal soft tissue, its lowest invasiveness in relation with other studies and the absence of ionizing radiation or barium, MRI defecography has been installed as an imaging modality widely used in our milieu, replacing the classical defecography performed under fluoroscopy.

Los trastornos de la función anorrectal están constituidos por un grupo de patologías frecuentes en la consulta gastroenterológica, que determinan un impacto en la calidad de vida. Los estudios de imagen, en especial la defecografía, son fundamentales para el diagnóstico de estas patologías; si se considera que hay traslape de varias de ellas en un mismo paciente, algunas pueden quedar subdiagnosticadas al contar solamente con la anamnesis y el examen físico. Dada la capacidad multiplanar de la resonancia magnética, la visualización de las partes blandas perirrectales, su menor invasividad en relación a otros estudios y el no uso de radiación ionizante ni bario, la defecografía por resonancia magnética se ha instalado como una modalidad de imagen de amplio uso en nuestro medio, reemplazando a la defecografía clásica efectuada bajo fluoroscopía.

Rectal Syphilis Mimicking Rectal Cancer

Rectal syphilis, known as a great masquerader, can be difficult to diagnose because of its variable symptoms. Gastroenterologists should be aware of the possibility of rectal syphilis when confronted with anorectal ulcers, and should gather a detailed history about sexual preferences and practices, including homosexuality. We report a case of primary rectal syphilis mimicking rectal cancer on radiologic imaging. In this report, we described the clinical, endoscopic, and radiologic features of this rare case.

Tumor rectal como presentación de sífilis primaria / Rectal tumor as a presentation of primary syphilis

In the era of HIV infection there is a resurgence of syphilis. Without a doubt it is still a diagnostic dilemma in various clinical situations such as anorectal syphilis in HIV patients. When a patient HIV-positive presents with a rectal tumor, syphilis must be considered in the differential diagnosis. We present a case report of an HIV positive patient who consulted due to rectal tenesmus associated to rectal bleeding, being diagnosed a rectal tumor and treated secondary to primary syphilis.

En la era de la infección por VIH, ha habido un resurgimiento de enfermedades en franca disminución en el mundo occidental como sífilis. Sin lugar a dudas siguen siendo un dilema diagnóstico algunas manifestaciones clínicas como sífilis rectal en pacientes portadores de VIH. Frente a un tumor rectal en un paciente VIH se debe tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial a esta patología. Presentamos un caso de un paciente portador de VIH que consultó por tenesmo rectal asociado a rectorragia, siendo diagnosticado un tumor rectal secundario a sífilis primaria.

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: a clinicopathological study of 13 cases

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome [SRUS] is a rare disorder that has a wide spectrum of clinical presentation and variable endoscopic findings. To further characterize the clinical and pathological features, a retrospective, hospital-based clinicopathological study was conducted. All cases of SRUS diagnosed at Farwania Hospital, Kuwait, between 2002 and 2007 were retrieved from the computerized filing system. The histological slides were reviewed by two authors to confirm the diagnosis. Immunohistochemical stain for smooth muscle actin [SMA] was performed. The clinical files were reviewed for clinical features and endoscopic findings. Thirteen cases were identified: 8 males and 5 females. The age range was 15-85. Rectal bleeding, constipation, and abdominal pain were the most common presenting symptoms and were seen, either alone or in various combinations, in 12 of the 13 cases. Rectal ulceration was the most common endoscopic finding, being seen in 9 of thel3 cases; 3 of these cases had multiple ulcerations. Two patients had rectal polyps, with one of them having multiple polyps. The histological examination revealed surface serration, fibromuscular obliteration of the lamina propria, and crypts' distortion in all the cases. Seven of the cases had diamond crypts. Ectatic mucosal vessels were a common finding. Positivity for SMA in the lamina propria was seen in all examined cases. SRUS is a rare disorder and only 13 cases were diagnosed in Farwania hospital over a 6-year period. The clinical presentation of our patients was variable. The presence of polyps and multiple ulcerations on endoscopy is further evidence that SRUS is a misnomer. Surface serration, fibromuscular obliteration, and crypts' distortion are the most characteristic features. The presence of diamond crypts is an additional diagnostic feature